Corroles for treating poxvirus infection

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a family of corroles for their use in the treatment of an infection by poxvirus.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention is related to a family of corroles for their use in the treatment of an infection by a poxvirus.

Description of the Related Art

Poxviruses are large dsDNA viruses infecting a broad variety of organisms from animal to human and divided into two groups: Chordopoxvirinae and Entomopoxvirinae. Poxviruses are pathogens responsible for many veterinary diseases. For example, Myxoma virus (MYXV) is the causing agent of myxomatosis in rabbits. Till now, the only efficient method to prevent this disease in rabbits is vaccination. However, the efficiency of vaccination lasts only between 6 months and a year. For MYXV, vaccination will not prevent infection in some cases, but symptoms will be attenuated.

Some poxvirus can also induce severe pathological infection in human. One example is smallpox, a deadly human disease globally eradicated in 1980 after vaccination campaigns throughout the 19^(th) and 20^(th) centuries. The pathogen of smallpox is variola virus (VARV), one member of the poxvirus family. There is no specific treatment for this disease. Vaccination, based on injection of Vaccinia virus (VACV) that confer a cross protection against VARV, is the only preventive method to prevent this disease. Considering bioterrorism threat and the risk of accidental or intentional resurgence of this virus, it is necessary to develop an efficient curative anti-poxviruses medicament to secure the use of VACV vaccine and oncolytic poxviruses and to broad distribution in case of bioterrorism threat. Current therapies are still in clinical phases, albeit stock of anti VACV ig can be mobilized in case of resurgence of VARV. Still today, small compounds inhibiting poxvirus infection has not been discovered.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Against all expectations, the Inventors of the present invention have observed that a family of corroles have efficient anti-infective activities on myxoma virus (MYXV) and their anti-infective activities on other virus of the family Poxviridae are also predictable.

The first subject matter of the present invention is to provide a corrole of type A3 or A2B of formula (I):

wherein:

-   -   Y₁ and Y₂ are identical or different and each independently         chosen from, —H, —SO₃H, —SO₃ ⁻, —NO₂, —CHO, —NH₂, —NH₃ ⁺, —COOH,         —COO⁻     -   M represents 3H or a metal chosen from the group of Cu, Mn, Fe,         Co, V, Cr, Ti, Ag, Rh, Ru, Mo, Zr, Au, Pt, Ir, Re, W, Hf, Li,         Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, Pb, Bi, La, Gd, Tb, or Th     -   A₁ and A₂ are identical or different and each represents a         phenyl group of formula (II),

or

a pyridinium group of formula (III)

or

a five membered heterocycle of formula (IV)

-   -   with each of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ of formula (II); each of R₁′,         R₂′, R₄′ and R₅′ of formula (III); each of R₁″, R₂″, and R₃″ of         formula (IV) being chosen from:     -   (a). —H, —CN, —NO₂, —CHO, —SO₃H, —OH, —SH, —C≡CH, —NH₂, —COOH,         —CONH₂,     -   (b). a halogen atom, selected from a chlorine atom, a fluorine         atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom,     -   (c). a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain,     -   (d). a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—H or of formula         —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃, wherein n is an integer chosen from 1, 2,         3, 4 or 5,     -   (e). —CX₃, X being a halogen atom selected from a chlorine atom,         a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom,     -   (f). —OR_(a), —NR_(a)R_(b), —NHR_(a), —COOR_(a), —CONHR_(a),         —CONR_(a)R_(b), —SO₃R_(a), —SO₂NHR_(a), —COR_(a), —SR_(a),         —C≡CR_(a), R_(a) and R_(b) being independently chosen from         —(CH₂—CH₂—SO₃H), a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, a PEG chain of formula         —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—H, or of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃, wherein         n is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5     -   (g). a group of formula

wherein R_(c) is —COOH, or —SO₃H,

-   -   (h). a pyridinium group of formula

wherein R_(d) is a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, or —(CH₂)_(n)SO₃ ⁻, n being an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

-   -   R₃′ of formula (III) being chosen from         -   —H, —CONH₂,         -   a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain         -   a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—H or of formula             —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃, wherein n is an integer chosen from 1,             2, 3, 4 or 5,         -   a group —(CH₂)_(n)SO₃ ⁻, n being an integer chosen from 1,             2, 3, 4 or 5         -   —OR_(a), —NR_(a)R_(b), —NHR_(a), —COOR_(a), —CONHR_(a),             —CONR_(a)R_(b), —COR_(a), R_(a) and R_(b) being             independently chosen from —(CH₂—CH₂—SO₃H), a (C₁-C₈) alkyl             chain, a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—H, or of             formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃ wherein n is an integer chosen             from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,     -   E of formula (IV) is chosen from —O—, —S—, —Se—, —NH—,     -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical         isomer thereof, for its use in the treatment of an infection of         a poxvirus in human or non-human animals.

The corroles of the present invention are organic molecules having a contracted porphyrin ring comprising nineteen carbon atoms and 4 nitrogen atoms, and are capable of binding metals chosen from the group of Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, V, Cr, Ti, Ag, Rh, Ru, Mo, Zr, Au, Pt, Ir, Re, W, Hf, Li, Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, Pb, Bi, La, Gd, Tb, or Th.

According to the invention, the term “a corrole of type A3” is meant to be a corrole wherein the A₁ and the A₂ are identical. In another word, a corrole of type A3 is a corrole wherein the three substituent groups on meso position 5, 10 and 15 of said corrole are identical.

According to the invention, the term “a corrole of type A2B” is meant to be a corrole wherein the A₂ is different from the A₁. In another word, a corrole of type A2B is a corrole wherein the substituent groups on meso position 5 and 15 are identical and they are different from the substituent group on meso position 10 of said corrole.

The term “a (C₁-C₈)alkyl chain” is meant to a saturated straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing from 1 to 8 carbons. Representative examples of alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like.

A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a corrole of formula (I) of the present invention refers to salts which retain the biological effectiveness of corrole of formula (I) and are not biological undesirable for human.

According to the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the invention can be a pharmaceutically acceptable, organic or inorganic acid or base salt of a compound of the invention.

A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a corrole of formula (I) can be obtained by reacting said corrole with a variety of organic and inorganic positive counter ions well known in the art, for example sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, and the like. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a corrole of formula (I) can also be obtained by reacting said corrole with pharmaceutically acceptable acids. Specific examples include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochlorides and sulfates; and organic acid salts such as formates, trifluoroacetates, acetates, tartrates, maleates, fumarates, succinates and methanesulfonates.

The term “optical isomers” refers to molecules that differ three-dimensionally by the placement of substituents around one or more atoms in a molecule.

According to an embodiment of corroles of type A2B of the present invention, A₁ and A₂ are both phenyl groups of formula II which are substituted differently.

In another embodiment of corroles of type A2B of the present invention, A₁ and A₂ are both pyridinium groups of formula II which are substituted differently.

In an embodiment of the corrole of the present invention, when A₁, A₂ or R₃′ is a pyridinium group which does not bear a —SO₃ group, said corrole comprises a counter ion such as Cl⁻, Br⁻ or I⁻.

The term “poxvirus” is meant to be a virus of the family Poxviridae.

The corroles of the present invention are used for treating an infection in human or non-human animals by a poxvirus belonging to the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae or Entomopoxvirinae.

Examples of a virus of subfamily Chordopoxvirinae can be orthopoxvirus, parapoxvirus, capripoxvirus, leporipoxvirus, avipoxvirus, suipoxvirus, molluscipoxvirus, yatapoxvirus, crocodylidpoxvirus, or cervidpoxvirus.

Examples of a virus of subfamily Entomopoxvirinae are entomopoxvirus A, B or C.

According to the present invention, the non-human animals are especially chosen from cattle, sheep, goat, monkeys, baboons, rabbits, lagomorphs, squirrels, swine, deer, and birds.

In a particular embodiment, the corroles of the present invention are used for treating an infection of a poxvirus that is chosen from myxomatosis, cowpox, smallpox, sheeppox, orf, vaccinia, monkeypox, LSDV, goatpox or an infection by any other members of the poxvirus family

In an embodiment of the corroles of formula (I), M represents 3H. Said corroles are represented by formula (Ia)

Wherein Y₁, Y₂, A, and A₂ are defined as in formula (I).

According to a more particular embodiment of the corroles of the present invention, A₁ and/or A₂ are represented by one formula chosen from the formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc) or (IIId).

wherein R′, R″, R₁, R₃ and R₅ are independently chosen from:

-   -   —CN, —NO₂, —CHO, —SO₃H, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CONH₂, —SH, —C≡CH,     -   a halogen atom, selected from a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom,         a bromine atom, or an iodine atom,     -   a (C₁-C₈)alkyl chain,     -   a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—H or of formula         —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃, wherein n is an integer chosen from 1, 2,         3, 4 or 5,     -   —CX₃, X being a halogen selected from a chlorine atom, a         fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom,     -   —OR_(a), —NR_(a)R_(b), —COOR_(a), —NHR_(a), —CONR_(a)R_(b),         —CONHR_(a), —SO₃R_(a), —SO₂NHR_(a), —COR_(a), —SR_(a),         —C≡CR_(a), R_(a) and R_(b) being independently chosen from         —(CH₂—CH₂—SO₃H), a (C₁-C₈)alkyl, a PEG chain of formula         —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—H or of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃, wherein n         is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,     -   a group of formula

wherein R_(c) is —COOH, or —SO₃H,

-   -   a pyridinium group of formula

wherein R_(d) is a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, or —(CH₂)_(n)SO₃ ⁻, n being an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

R₃′ is as defined before.

Thus in this embodiment at least one of A₁ and A₂ or both of them are selected from (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId) or (IVa). A₁ and A₂ may be identical or different.

According to formula (IIa), R′ represents any one of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅, while the remaining four other substituents are hydrogen.

Thus for example, if R′ corresponds to R₁, while R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are hydrogen.

According to formula (IIb), R′ and R″ represent two of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅, while the remaining three substituents among R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ or R₅ are hydrogen.

Thus for example, if R′ corresponds to R₁ and R″ corresponds to R₂, while R₃, R₄ and R₅ are hydrogen.

According to formula (IIIa), R′ represents any one of R₁′, R₂′, R₄′ and R₅′, while the remaining three other substituents are hydrogen.

Thus for example, if R′ corresponds to R₁′, while R₂′, R₄′ and R₅′ are hydrogen.

According to formula (IIIb), R′ and R″ represent two of R₁′, R₂′, R₄′ and R₅′, while the remaining two other substituents are hydrogen.

Thus for example, if R′ corresponds to R₁′ and R″ corresponds to R₂′, while R₄′ and R₅′ are hydrogen.

According to formula (IVa), R′ represents any one of R₁″, R₂″, and R₃″ while the remaining two substituents among R₁″, R₂″, or R₃″ are hydrogen.

In a more particular embodiment, the corroles of the invention are corroles of type A2B, wherein A₁ and A₂ are different and respectively represented by one formula chosen from the formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId) or (IVa).

According to a still more particular embodiment, the invention concerns the corroles of formula (I) wherein:

-   -   M represents 3H;     -   A₁ and A₂ are different, and respectively represented by one         formula chosen from the formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId),         (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId) or (IVa) as defined above.

In another more particular embodiment, the corroles of the invention are corroles of type A3, wherein A₁ and A₂ are identical and respectively represented by one formula chosen from the formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId) or (IVa) as defined above.

According to another still more particular embodiment, the invention concerns the corroles of formula (I) wherein:

-   -   M represents 3H;     -   A₁ and A₂ are identical and represented by one of the formula         chosen from the formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIIa),         (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId) or (IVa) as defined above.

According to another embodiment, the corroles of the present invention are corroles having the phenyl groups A₁ and/or A₂ represented by one formula chosen from (IIe), (IIf), (IIg), (IIIe), or (IIIf):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof.

The substituents R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, or R₅ in formulas (IIe), (IIf), (IIg) are as defined above for the formula II.

The substituents R₁′, R₂′, R₃′, R₄′, or R₅′ in formulas (IIe), (IIf), (IIg) are as defined above for the formula III.

Thus in this embodiment at least one of A₁ and A₂ or both of them are selected from (IIe), (IIf), (IIg), (IIIe), (IIIf). A₁ and A₂ may be identical or different.

In a more particular embodiment of the present invention, the corroles is chosen from following compounds:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof.

Another subject-matter of the present invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition for its use in treating an infection of a poxvirus in human or non-human animals, comprising a corrole as defined above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof, as active ingredient, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a carrier that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition or formulation that is generally safe, non-toxic, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes a carrier that is acceptable for human or veterinary pharmaceutical use. The carrier can act as a vehicle, medium, or for dilution of the active ingredient. The formulation of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be determined and carried out according to well-known prior art relating to drug formulation. The carrier material can be an organic or inorganic inert carrier material, for example one that is suitable for oral administration or injection. Suitable carriers include water, gelatin, arabic gum, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, talc, vegetable oils, polyalkylene-glycols, glycerine and petroleum jelly. Additional additives such as flavoring agents, preservatives, stabilizers, emulsifying agents, buffers and the like may be added in accordance with accepted practices of pharmaceutical compounding.

The compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.

According to the formulation, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administrated by oral route or by injection.

Another subject-matter of the present invention concerns an association formed by:

-   -   a corrole as defined above or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt         thereof, or an optical isomer thereof,     -   the active ingredient of another anti-poxvirus medicament chosen         from an anti-poxvirus vaccine, or of any experimental medicament         against poxvirus infection, for its use in the treatment of an         infection by poxvirus in human or non-human animals.

In the present invention, the terms “medicament” and “drug” are interchangeable.

The term “active ingredient” is meant to the biologically active component of a medicament.

The present invention also relates to a combination product comprising:

-   -   a corrole of as defined above or a pharmaceutical acceptable         salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof,     -   another anti-poxvirus medicament, chosen from an anti-poxvirus         vaccine, or of any experimental medicament against poxvirus         infection. for its use simultaneously, separately, or         sequentially in the treatment of an infection of poxvirus in         humans or non-human animals.

The term “simultaneous use” is meant to be an administration of two active ingredients by the same route and at the same time.

The term “sequential use” is meant to be an administration sequentially on the time of two active ingredients by the same route.

The term “separate use” is meant to be an administration of 2 active ingredients at the same or substantially the same time by different routes.

The present invention provides also a method for treating the infections by poxvirus in humans or non-human animals, such as myxomatosis, cowpox, smallpox, sheeppox, orf, vaccinia, monkeypox, LSDV, or goatpox, comprising the step of:

Administrating a pharmaceutical effective amount of the aforementioned pharmaceutical composition to a human or a non-human animal suffering from an infection by poxvirus, such as myxomatosis, cowpox, smallpox, sheeppox, orf, vaccinia, monkeypox, LSDV, or goatpox. The term “pharmaceutically effective amount” means the amount of a before defined corrole or of a before defined combination product as pharmaceutical active in a pharmaceutical composition to produce the desired therapeutic effect.

The present invention is illustrated by the following figures and examples.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the toxicity of compounds FNO2Cor, TpNO2Cor, TPFCor at different concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 3.1, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 μM) on RK13 cells (rabbit epithelial kidney) seeded on a plate of 96 well. The Y axe shows normalized numbers of survived cells per well.

FIG. 2 shows normalized infection rate of MYXV in RK13 cells at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.5 after 48 h post-infection by compounds FNO2Cor, TpNO2Cor, or TPFCor, at different concentrations (0.08, 0.18, 0.37, 0.75, 1.5, 3.1, 6.25 μM).

FIG. 3 shows normalized infection rate of MYXV in RK13 cells at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.01 after 6 days post-infection by compounds FNO2Cor, TpNO2Cor, or TPFCor, at different concentrations (0.08, 0.18, 0.37, 0.75, 1.5, 3.1, 6.25 μM).

FIG. 4 shows lysis plaques in RK13 infected with MYXV 6d PI observed by microscope.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Examples

1. Materials and Methods

1.1 Preparation of Corroles of the Invention

All the chemical and solvents were of analytical grade and used without any further purification. Silica gel 60 (70-230 and 230-400 mesh, Sigma Aldrich) were used for column chromatography. Reactions were monitored by thin layer chromatography, UV-Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrophotometry. Chromatographic purification on column was performed on silica gel 60 (70-230 mesh, Sigma Aldrich. ¹H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV300 spectrometer (300 MHz). CDCl₃ was used as solvent (except when indicated) and TMS as internal reference; the chemical shifts (6) are given in ppm relative to residual CHCl₃ (7.26 ppm). All data were processed with TopSpin. MALDI/TOF mass spectra were recorded on Bruker Ultraflex Extreme MALDI Tandem TOF Mass Spectrometer. UV-vis spectra were measured on a Cary 50 spectrophotometer using CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃ or THF as solvent.

General procedure #1 according to a modified Paolesse's method (Paolesse et al., J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66 (2), 550-556.).

Aldehyde (40.4 mmol) and distilled pyrrole (121 mmol) were dissolved in AcOH (500 mL) and the reaction was stirred at reflux for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature and AcOH was evaporated under vacuum. The crude product was filtered over a chromatography column (silica, CH₂Cl₂). All fractions containing corrole (green fraction) were combined and evaporated to dryness.

Purification details for each compound are described below.

Preparation of 5,10,15-Tris(4-nitrophenyl)corrole (Designed as TpNO2Cor)

This corrole corresponds to the above described compound H.

This corrole was prepared as described for general procedure 1 starting from 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and pyrrole. The residue was purified by chromatography column (alumina, CH₂Cl₂/heptane, 1/1, v/v) to give pure corrole (492 mg, 5.5%). UV-Vis (DCM): λ_(max) (nm) (ε×103 L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹)=447 (53.4), 598 (18.7). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, 300 K, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 8.41 (m, 2H), 8.58-8.71 (m, 14H), 8.87 (m, 2H), 9.14 (m, 2H). MS (MALDI-TOF) m/z=661.92 [M+H]⁺, 661.17 calcd for C₃₇H₂₃N₇O₅. MS (ESI) m/z=660.15 [M−H]⁻, 662.14 [M+H]⁺, 661.17 calcd for C₃₇H₂₃N₇O₅.

Preparation of 5,10,15-Tris(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)corrole (Designed as FNO2Cor)

This corrole corresponds to the above described compound B.

This corrole was prepared as described for general procedure 1 starting from 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde and pyrrole. The residue was crystallized from CHCl₃/Heptane (3/1, v/v), separating the solution, containing corrole, from the porphyrin precipitate. Solvent was removed under vacuum and the crude was crystallized from THF/heptane 1:2 v/v to give pure dark green corrole crystals (76.1 mg, 3.2% yield). UV-Vis (THF): λ_(max), (nm) (ε×10⁻³ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹) 418 (103.2), 572, 610, 645. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃), δ (ppm): 9.11-9.00 (m, 5H), 8.73-8.61 (m, 5H), 8.50-8.47 (m, 4H), 7.71-7.62 (m, 3H), −2.83 (brs, 3H). MS (MALDI/TOF): m/z 715.007 [M]⁺; 715.14 calcd for C₃₇H₂₀F₃N₇O₆.

General procedure #2 according to a modified Gryko's method (Gryko, D. T.; Koszarna, B. Org. Biomol. Chem., 2003, 1(2), 350-357).

Aldehyde (20.0 mmol) was dissolved in distilled pyrrole (30.0 mmol) at room temperature and then a solution of TFA in CH₂Cl₂ (18 μL in 2.0 mL) was added and vigorously stirred. After 10 min, 800 mL of CH₂Cl₂ was added and stirred for further 1 h. DDQ (24.0 mmol) was added and stirred for another 1 h and solvent was removed under vacuum. The crude product was filtered over a chromatography column (silica, CH₂Cl₂). Purification details for each compound are described below.

Preparation of 5,10,15-Tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (Designed as TPFCor)

This corrole correspond to the above described compound of formula A.

This corrole was prepared as described for general procedure 2 starting from pentafluorobenzaldehyde and pyrrole. The residue was purified by a second column chromatography (silica, toluene/heptane, 8/2, v/v) to give pure dark green corrole crystals (228 mg, 4.3% yield). UV-Vis (THF): λ_(max), (nm) (ε×10⁻³ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹) 407 (150.1), 562 (23.9), 604 (12.4). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃), δ (ppm): 9.10 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 2H), 8.79 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (4H), 2.88 (brs, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (282 MHz, CDCl₃) 137.2 (2F), 137.7 (4F), 152.2 (2F), 152.8 (1F), 161.5 (4F), 161.9 (2F). MS (MALDI/TOF): m/z 796.91 [M+H]⁺, 796.07 calcd for C₃₇H₁₁F₁₅N₄.

1.2 MYXV Infection

RK13(rabbit epitelial kidney) cells were used for MYXV infection assay.

Cells were grown in 200 μL Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) without phenol red (Sigma-Aldrich), 10% SVF, Pen-strep, 1X sodium pyruvate, 1X Glutamax.

Infection Protocol

MYXV-GFP infection was carried out on RK13 cells seeded in 96 wells plate, in triplicate at two multiplicity of infection (MOI) and 7 concentrations of FNO2Cor, TPFCor, TpNO2Cor.

-   -   D0: RK13 cells seeded at 6 k per well in Corning Glass Bottom 96         well plates in 200 μL of DMEM without phenol red.     -   D1: cells are treated with FNO2Cor, TpNO2Cor, TPFCor (from 50 to         0.1 μM by two fold dilution) in duplicate for the toxicity         study.

In parallel: cells are treated with FNO2Cor, TpNO2Cor, TPFCor (from 6.25 to 0.08 μM by two fold dilution) and are infected at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) in triplicate: MYXV at MOI 0.5 or 0.01.

1.3 Toxicity assessment

The toxicity of compounds FNO2Cor, TpNO2Cor or TPFCor on ARPE-19 cells was evaluated after 6 days of treatment. 10 concentrations (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.1, 1.5, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 μM) of FNO2Cor, TpNO2Cor and TPFCor were studied.

1.4 Microscopy

RK13 cells at MOI 0.5 48 h post-infection (PI) are fixed with Formalin 10 min at room temperature. Wash with 200 μL PBS and 100 μL PBS/Hoechst 33342 (1/1000) per well. 96 well plates are kept at 4° C. in the dark until data acquisition. Image acquisition and analysis for high content quantification is performed on a Thermo Cellomics Arrayscan VTI microscope using a modified compartmental analysis algorithm.

RK13 cells for the toxicity study and RK13 cells at MOI 0.01 6 days PI are fixed and image acquisition and analysis are performed as previously described.

On 48 h and 6d post-infection, data acquisition was done by high content microscopy to calculate infection level according to compound concentration.

2. Results

2.1 Cytotoxicity

Cytotoxicity of compounds FNO2Cor, TPFCor and TpNO2Cor were assessed at different concentration on RK13 cells according to the method described on section 1.3. CC₅₀ values of these three compounds on RK13 cells are given in table I below.

TABLE I FNO2Cor TpNO2Cor TPFCor CC₅₀ RK13 3.74 4.36 6.68

FIG. 1 and Table I show that three tested compounds are safe for rabbit epithelial kidney cells at low concentrations.

2.2 Antiviral Activity

Compounds FNO2Cor, TPFCor, and TpNO2Cor were assessed at 7 different concentrations in RK13 cell culture on 48 h post-infection (FIG. 2) or on 6 days post-infection (FIG. 3) to evaluate their activity for inhibiting MYXV infection. Table II displays IC₅₀ values of these three compounds on RK13 cells on 48 h or 6d PI. The selectivity index of these compounds are displayed in table III.

TABLE II FNO2Cor TpNO2Cor TPFCor IC50 1.33 0.43 0.27 (48 h PI) IC50 0.50 0.20 0.12 (6 d PI)

TABLE III FNO2Cor TpNO2Cor TPFCor SI (48 h PI) 2.81 10.25 24.40 SI (6 d PI) 7.52 21.45 55.31

These results indicate that all three tested compounds can inhibit MYXV infection rate in RK13 cells. TPFCor and TpNO2Cor have better in vitro anti-MYXV effect than FNO2Cor.

2.3 Lysis Plaques Analysis

Lysis plaque analysis was carried out in RK13 infected with MYXV 6d PI. Lysis plaques area and number of lysis plaques were assessed directly on microscope pictures (FIG. 4). The results are also displayed in table IV.

TABLE IV Area in cm² of lysis plaques Number of lysis plaques Concen- 0 3.1 1.5 0.75 0.37 0 3.1 1.5 0.75 0.37 tration μM Not treated 7.6 19 FNO2Cor nd nd 3.4 8 0 1.3 6 5 TpNO2Cor nd nd 3.4 9 0 2.7 6.7 4 TPFCor 6 4 3.3 6 6.7

These results show that three tested compounds can prevent cell to cell propagation of MYXV infection. 

1. A method for treatment of an infection of a poxvirus in human or non-human animals, comprising providing a corrole of type A3 or A2B of formula (I):

wherein: Y₁ and Y₂ are identical or different and each independently chosen from, —H, —SO₃H, —SO₃ ⁻, —NO₂, —CHO, —NH₂, —NH₃ ⁺, —COOH, —COO⁻ M represents 3H or a metal chosen from the group of Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, V, Cr, Ti, Ag, Rh, Ru, Mo, Zr, Au, Pt, Ir, Re, W, Hf, Li, Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, Pb, Bi, La, Gd, Tb, or Th A₁ and A₂ are identical or different and each represents a phenyl group of formula (II),

or A pyridinium group of formula (III)

or a five membered heterocycle of formula (IV)

with each of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ of formula (II); each of R₁, R₂′, R₄′ and R₅′ of formula (III); each of R₁″, R₂″, and R₃″ of formula (IV) being chosen from: (a). —H, —CN, —NO₂, —CHO, —SO₃H, —OH, —SH, —C≡CH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CONH₂, (b). a halogen atom, selected from a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, (c). a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, (d). a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)—H or of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃, wherein n is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, (e). —CX₃, X being a halogen atom selected from a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, (f). —OR_(a), —NR_(a)R_(b), —NHR_(a), —COOR_(a), —CONHR_(a), —CONR_(a)R_(b), —SO₂R_(a), —COR_(a), —SR_(a), —C≡CR_(a), R_(a) and R_(b) being independently chosen from —(CH₂—CH₂—SO₃H), a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—H, or of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃, wherein n is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 (g). a group of formula

wherein R_(c) is —COOH, or —SO₃H, (h). a pyridinium group of formula

 wherein R_(d) is a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, or —(CH₂)_(n)SO₃ ⁻, n being an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, R₃′ of formula (III) being chosen from —H, —CONH₂, a (C₁-C₈)alkyl a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)—H or of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—CH₃, wherein n is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, a group —(CH₂)_(n)SO₃ ⁻, n being an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 —OR_(a), —NR_(a)R_(b), —NHR_(a), —COOR_(a), —CONHR_(a), —CONR_(a)R_(b), —COR_(a), R_(a) and R_(b) being independently chosen from —(CH₂—CH₂—SO₃H), a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)—H, or of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)—CH₃ wherein n is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, E of formula (IV) is chosen from —O—, —S—, —Se—, —NH—, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof, and administering an effective amount of the corrole to the human or non-human animals.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the poxvirus is belonging to the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae or subfamily Entomopoxvirinae.
 3. The method of claim 1, for wherein the infection of a poxvirus is myxomatosis, cowpox, smallpox, sheeppox, orf, vaccinia, monkeypox, LSDV, goatpox or an infection by any other members of the poxvirus family.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrole is of formula (Ia)

Wherein Y₁, Y₂, A₁ and A₂ are defined as in formula (I).
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein A1 and/or A2 are represented by the formula (IIa), formula (IIb), formula (IIc), formula (IId), formula (IIIa), formula (IIIb), or formula (IIIc)

wherein R′, R″, R₁, R₃ and R₅ are independently chosen from: —CN, —NO₂, —CHO, —SO₃H, —OH, —NH₂, —COOH, —CONH₂, —SH, —C≡CH, a halogen atom, selected from a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)—H or of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)—CH₃, wherein n is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, —CX₃, X being a halogen selected from a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom, —OR_(a), —NR_(a)R_(b), —COOR_(a), —NHR_(a), —CONR_(a)R_(b), —CONHR_(a), —SO₃R_(a), —SO₂NHR_(a), —COR_(a), —SR_(a), —C≡CR_(a), R_(a) and R_(b) being independently chosen from —(CH₂—CH₂—SO₃H), a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, a PEG chain of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)—H or of formula —(CH₂—CH₂—O)—CH₃, wherein n is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, a group of formula

 wherein R_(c) is —COOH, or —SO₃H, a pyridinium group of formula

 wherein R_(d) is a (C₁-C₈) alkyl chain, or —(CH₂)_(n)SO₃, n being an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4 or
 5. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein A₁ and A₂ are different and respectively represented by one formula chosen from the formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId) or (IVa).
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein A₁ and A₂ are identical and represented by one formula chosen from the formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId) or (IVa).
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrole is chosen from following compounds

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof.
 9. A pharmaceutical composition for use in treating an infection of a poxvirus in human or non-human animals, comprising a corrole as defined in claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof, as active ingredient, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 10. An association formed by: a corrole as defined in claim 1 or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof, the active ingredient of another anti-poxvirus medicament chosen from an anti-poxvirus vaccine, or any other experimental medicament against poxvirus infection, for its use in the treatment of an infection by poxvirus in human or non-human animals.
 11. A combination product comprising A corrole of as defined in claim 1 or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof, Another anti-poxvirus medicament chosen from an anti-poxvirus vaccine, or any experimental medicament against poxvirus infection for its use simultaneously, separately, or sequentially in the treatment of an infection of poxvirus in human or non-human animals.
 12. The corrole of formula (I) for use according to claim 1, wherein the poxvirus is selected from the group consisting of orthopoxvirus, parapoxvirus, capripoxvirus, leporipoxvirus, avipoxvirus, suipoxvirus, molluscipoxvirus, yatapoxvirus, crocodylidpoxvirus, cervidpoxvirus, and entomopoxvirus A, B or C.
 13. The corrole of formula (I) for use according to claim 2, for wherein the infection of a poxvirus is myxomatosis, cowpox, smallpox, sheeppox, orf, vaccinia, monkeypox, LSDV, goatpox or an infection by any other members of the poxvirus family.
 14. The method of claim 2, wherein the corrole is of formula (Ia)

Wherein Y₁, Y₂, A₁ and A₂ are defined as in formula (I).
 15. The method of claim 3, wherein the corrole is of formula (Ia)

Wherein Y₁, Y₂, A₁ and A₂ are defined as in formula (I).
 16. The method of claim 2, wherein the corrole is chosen from following compounds

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof.
 17. The method of claim 3, wherein the corrole is chosen from following compounds

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof.
 18. The method of claim 4, wherein the corrole is chosen from following compounds

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof.
 19. The method of claim 5, wherein the corrole is chosen from following compounds

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof.
 20. The method of claim 6, wherein the corrole is chosen from following compounds

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an optical isomer thereof. 